I-Herbal Fructus Amomi oil massage Natural Diffusers 1kg Bulk Amomum villosum Amafutha abalulekile

Amafutha e-Herbal Fructus Amomi Massage Natural Diffusers 1kg Bulk Amomum villosum Amafutha abalulekile Isithombe Esifakiwe

incazelo emfushane:

Umndeni we-Zingiberaceae udonse ukunaka okwandayo ocwaningweni lwe-alelopathic ngenxa yamafutha acebile aguquguqukayo kanye nephunga elimnandi lezinhlobo zamalungu awo. Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lubonise ukuthi amakhemikhali avela ku-Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary) [40], Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) BLBurtt & RMSm. [41] kanye noZingiber officinale Rosc. [42] emndenini wejinja kunemiphumela ye-alelopathic ekukhuleni kwembewu nasekukhuleni kwezithombo zommbila, ulethisi notamatisi. Ucwaningo lwethu lwamanje umbiko wokuqala mayelana nomsebenzi we-alelopathic we-volatiles kusuka eziqwini, amaqabunga, nezithelo ezincane ze-A. villosum (ilungu lomndeni we-Zingiberaceae). Isivuno sikawoyela seziqu, amaqabunga, nezithelo ezincane kwaba ngu-0.15%, 0.40%, no-0.50%, ngokulandelana, okubonisa ukuthi izithelo zikhiqize inani elikhulu lamafutha aguquguqukayo kuneziqu namaqabunga. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zamafutha aguquguqukayo avela eziqwini kwakuyi-β-pinene, β-phellandrene kanye ne-α-pinene, okwakuyiphethini efana naleyo yamakhemikhali amakhulu amafutha eqabunga, i-β-pinene ne-α-pinene (ama-monoterpene hydrocarbons). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amafutha asezithelweni ezincane ayecebile ku-bornyl acetate kanye ne-camphor (oxygenated monoterpenes). Imiphumela yasekelwa okutholwe yi-Do N Dai [30,32] kanye no-Hui Ao [31] owayehlonze amafutha avela ezithweni ezihlukahlukene ze-A. villosum.

Kube nemibiko eminingana mayelana nemisebenzi evimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo yalezi zinhlanganisela eziyinhloko kwezinye izinhlobo. UShalinder Kaur uthole ukuthi i-α-pinene evela kugamthilini icindezele ngokugqamile ubude bempande kanye nobude behlumela be-Amaranthus viridis L. ku-1.0 μL43], nolunye ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi i-α-pinene ivimbele ukukhula kwezimpande ekuqaleni futhi yabangela ukulimala kwe-oxidative ezicutshini zezimpande ngokukhula kokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo [44]. Eminye imibiko ithi i-β-pinene ivimbele ukuhluma kanye nokukhula kwezithombo zokhula oluhlolwayo ngendlela yokusabela encike kumthamo ngokuphazamisa ubuqotho be-membrane [45], ishintsha i-biochemistry yezitshalo futhi ithuthukise imisebenzi ye-peroxidase ne-polyphenol oxidase [46]. I-β-Phellandrene ibonise ukuvinjelwa okukhulu ekuhlumeni nasekukhuleni kwe-Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp ekuhlanganiseni kuka-600 ppm [47], kuyilapho, ekuhlanganiseni okungu-250 mg/m3, i-camphor yacindezela i-radicle nokukhula kwehlumela le-Lepidium sativum L. [48]. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olubika umphumela we-alelopathic we-bornyl acetate mncane. Ocwaningweni lwethu, imiphumela ye-alelopathic ye-β-pinene, i-bornyl acetate kanye ne-camphor kubude bezimpande yayibuthakathaka kunamafutha aguquguqukayo ngaphandle kwe-α-pinene, kuyilapho uwoyela weqabunga, ocebile nge-α-pinene, nawo wawuyingozi kakhulu kune-voltage ehambisanayo. amafutha avela eziqwini nezithelo ze-A. villosum, kokubili okutholakele okubonisa ukuthi i-α-pinene ingase ibe ikhemikhali ebalulekile ye-alelopathy yalolu hlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imiphumela iphinde yasho ukuthi ezinye izinhlanganisela kuwoyela wezithelo ebezingeningi zingase zibe nomthelela ekukhiqizeni umphumela we-phytotoxic, okutholakele okudinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe esikhathini esizayo.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, umphumela we-alelopathic we-alelochemicals uncike kuhlobo oluthile. Jiang et al. ithole ukuthi uwoyela obalulekile okhiqizwe i-Artemisia sieversiana wenza umphumela onamandla kakhulu ku-Amaranthus retroflexus L. kunaku-Medicago sativa L., Poa annua L., kanye ne-Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. [49]. Kolunye ucwaningo, amafutha aguquguqukayo eLavandula angustifolia Mill. ikhiqize amazinga ahlukene emiphumela ye-phytotoxic ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezitshalo. I-Lolium multiflorum. kwakuwuhlobo olwamukelekayo oluzwela kakhulu, i-hypocotyl kanye nokukhula kwe-radicle kuvinjwe ngo-87.8% no-76.7%, ngokulandelana, ngethamo likawoyela ongu-1 μL/mL, kodwa ukukhula kwe-hypocotyl kwezithombo zekhukhamba akuzange kuthinteke [20]. Imiphumela yethu iphinde yabonisa ukuthi kunomehluko ekuzweleni kwe-A. villosum volatiles phakathi kwe-L. sativa ne-L. perenne.

Izinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo kanye namafutha abalulekile ohlobo olufanayo angahluka ngokomthamo kanye/noma ngekhwalithi ngenxa yezimo zokukhula, izingxenye zezitshalo nezindlela zokubona. Isibonelo, umbiko ubonise ukuthi i-pyranoid (i-10.3%) ne-β-caryophyllene (6.6%) yayiyizinhlanganisela ezinkulu ze-volatile ezikhishwa emaqabunga e-Sambucus nigra, kanti benzaldehyde (17.8%), α-bulnesene (16.6%) kanye ne-tetracosane (11.5%) ayemaningi emafutheni akhishwa emaqabunga [50]. Esifundweni sethu, izinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo ezikhishwe yizinto ezintsha zezitshalo zinemiphumela enamandla ye-alelopathic ezitshalweni zokuhlola kunamafutha ashubile akhishwe, umehluko ekuphenduleni uhlobene eduze nokuhluka kwamakhemikhali e-alllopathic akhona kumalungiselelo amabili. Umehluko oqondile phakathi kwezinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo namafutha udinga ukuqhubeka uphenywa ezivivinyweni ezilandelayo.

Umehluko ezinhlobonhlobo ze-microbial kanye nesakhiwo somphakathi we-microbial kumasampula enhlabathi lapho amafutha aguquguqukayo ayengeziwe ayehlobene nokuncintisana phakathi kwezilwanyana ezincane kanye nanoma yimiphi imiphumela enobuthi kanye nobude besikhathi samafutha aguquguqukayo emhlabathini. I-Vokou ne-Liotiri [51] bathole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuhlukene kwamafutha amane abalulekile (0.1 mL) enhlabathini etshaliwe (150 g) okwenziwa kusebenze ukuphefumula kwamasampula omhlabathi, ngisho namafutha ayehluka ekwakhekeni kwawo kwamakhemikhali, okuphakamisa ukuthi amafutha ezitshalo asetshenziswa njengomthombo wekhabhoni namandla kwenzeka ama-microorganisms enhlabathini. Idatha etholwe ocwaningweni lwamanje iqinisekisile ukuthi amafutha avela kuso sonke isitshalo se-A. villosum abe nomthelela ekwandeni okusobala kwenani lezinhlobo zesikhunta senhlabathi ngosuku lwe-14 ngemuva kokwengezwa kwamafutha, okubonisa ukuthi uwoyela unganikeza umthombo wekhabhoni ukuze uthole okwengeziwe. isikhunta senhlabathi. Olunye ucwaningo lubike okutholakele: ama-microorganisms enhlabathini aphinde athola umsebenzi wawo wokuqala kanye ne-biomass ngemva kwenkathi yesikhashana yokuhlukahluka okudalwe ukungezwa kwamafutha e-Thymbra capitata L. (Cav), kodwa amafutha ngethamo eliphakeme kakhulu (0.93 µL kawoyela ngegremu yenhlabathi) akazange avumele ama-microorganisms enhlabathini ukuthi abuyisele ukusebenza kokuqala [52]. Ocwaningweni lwamanje, olusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwe-microbiological yomhlabathi ngemva kokwelashwa ngezinsuku ezihlukene nokugxila, siqagele ukuthi umphakathi wamagciwane omhlaba uzolulama ngemva kwezinsuku ezengeziwe. Ngokuphambene, i-fungal microbiota ayikwazi ukubuyela esimweni sayo sokuqala. Imiphumela elandelayo iqinisekisa le nkolelo-mbono: umphumela ohlukile wokugxila okuphezulu kwamafutha ekwakhiweni kwe-fungal microbiome yenhlabathi wembulwa ukuhlaziya okuyinhloko kwama-co-ordinates (PCoA), kanye nezethulo zemephu yokushisa ziphinde zaqinisekisa ukuthi ukwakheka komphakathi wesikhunta enhlabathini. iphathwe ngamafutha angu-3.0 mg/mL (okungukuthi 0.375 mg kawoyela ngegram yenhlabathi) ezingeni lohlobo lwehluke kakhulu kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Njengamanje, ucwaningo mayelana nemiphumela yokwengezwa kwama-monoterpene hydrocarbons noma ama-monoterpenes ane-oxygenated ezinhlobonhlobo ze-microbial yomhlabathi kanye nesakhiwo somphakathi sisashoda. Ucwaningo olumbalwa lubike ukuthi i-α-pinene yandisa ukusebenza kwamagciwane enhlabathini kanye nobuningi obuhlobene be-Methylophilaceae (iqembu lama-methylotrophs, i-Proteobacteria) ngaphansi komswakama ophansi, edlala indima ebalulekile njengomthombo wekhabhoni emhlabathini owomile [53]. Ngokufanayo, amafutha aguquguqukayo esitshalo sonke se-A. villosum, aqukethe u-15.03% α-pinene (Ithebula Lokwengeza S1), ngokusobala kwandisa ubuningi obuhlobene be-Proteobacteria ku-1.5 mg/mL kanye no-3.0 mg/mL, okuphakamise ukuthi i-α-pinene ngokunokwenzeka isebenze njengenye yemithombo yekhabhoni yama-microorganisms enhlabathini.

Izinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo ezikhiqizwe izitho ezihlukene ze-A. villosum zineziqu ezihlukene zemiphumela ye-alelopathic ku-L. sativa kanye ne-L. perenne, eyayihlobene eduze nezakhi zamakhemikhali i-A. villosum plant izingxenye eziqukethwe. Nakuba ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kawoyela aguquguqukayo kwaqinisekiswa, izinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo ezikhishwe i-A. villosum ekamelweni lokushisa awaziwa, okudinga uphenyo olwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela we-synergistic phakathi kwamakhemikhali e-alelochemicals nawo kufanele ucatshangelwe. Mayelana nama-microorganisms enhlabathini, ukuhlola umphumela wamafutha aguquguqukayo kuma-microorganisms enhlabathini ngokugcwele, sisadinga ukwenza ucwaningo olunzulu: sandise isikhathi sokwelashwa samafutha aguquguqukayo kanye nokwehluka okubonakalayo ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali kawoyela aguquguqukayo emhlabathini. ngezinsuku ezahlukene.

Intengo ye-FOB:US $0.5 - 9,999 / Ucezu

Inani elincane le-oda:100 Isiqephu/Izingcezu

Ikhono Lokuhlinzeka:10000 Ucezu/Izingcezu Ngenyanga

Thumela i-imeyili kithi

Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

Omaka bomkhiqizo

I-Allelopathy ivame ukuchazwa njenganoma yimuphi umphumela oqondile noma ongaqondile, omuhle noma omubi wezinhlobo zezitshalo kwenye ngokukhiqizwa nokukhululwa kwezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali emvelweni [1]. Izitshalo zidedela amakhemikhali e-allelo emkhathini ozungezile kanye nomhlabathi ngokushintshashintsha, ukucwiliswa kwamahlamvu, ukukhishwa kwezimpande, nokubola kwezinsalela [2]. Njengeqembu elilodwa lama-alelochemicals abalulekile, izingxenye eziguquguqukayo zingena emoyeni nasenhlabathini ngezindlela ezifanayo: izitshalo zikhulula ama-volatiles emkhathini ngokuqondile [3]; amanzi emvula ageleza lezi zingxenye (ezifana ne-monoterpenes) ngaphandle kwezakhiwo eziyimfihlo yamaqabunga kanye nama-wax angaphezulu, anikeze amandla okuba nezingxenye eziguquguqukayo emhlabathini [4]; izimpande zezitshalo zingakhipha izivunguvungu ezibangelwa yi-herbivore kanye ne-pathogen emhlabathini [5]; lezi zingxenye kudoti wezitshalo nazo zidedelwa emhlabathini ozungezile [6]. Njengamanje, amafutha aguquguqukayo asehlolisiswa ngokwandayo ukuze asetshenziswe ekulawuleni ukhula nezinambuzane [7,8,9,10,11]. Zitholakala zisebenza ngokusabalala esimweni sazo segesi emoyeni futhi ngokuguquka zibe kwezinye izifunda zibe noma zibe emhlabathini [3,12], edlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokusebenzisana kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokushintsha umphakathi wezitshalo zezitshalo nokhula [13]. Ucwaningo oluningana luphakamisa ukuthi i-alelopathy ingasiza ekusungulweni kokubusa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo endaweni yemvelo [14,15,16]. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezivelele zingaqondiswa njengemithombo engaba khona yama-alelochemicals.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imiphumela ye-alelopathic kanye ne-alelochemicals kancane kancane iye yathola ukunakwa okwengeziwe okuvela kubacwaningi ngenjongo yokuhlonza izindawo ezifanele zama-synthetic herbicides [17,18,19,20]. Ukuze kwehliswe ukulahlekelwa kwezolimo, imithi yokubulala ukhula iya ngokuya isetshenziswa ukulawula ukukhula kokhula. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngokungakhethi kwezibulala-khula zokwenziwa kuye kwaba nomthelela ekwandeni kwezinkinga zokumelana nokhula, ukuwohloka kancane kancane kwenhlabathi, kanye nezingozi empilweni yabantu [21]. Izinhlanganisela zemvelo ze-alelopathic ezivela ezitshalweni zinganikeza amandla amakhulu okwakhiwa kwezibulala-khula ezintsha, noma njengezinhlanganisela zomthofu ekuhlonzeni izibulala-zinambuzane ezintsha ezitholakala emvelweni [17,22].

I-Amomum villosum Lour. isitshalo esingapheli emndenini wejinja, esikhula sifinyelele ku-1.2-3.0 m emthunzini wezihlahla. Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi eNingizimu China, eThailand, eVietnam, eLaos, eCambodia, nakwezinye izindawo eziseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Isithelo esomile se-A. villosum siwuhlobo lwesinongo esivamile ngenxa yokunambitheka kwaso okukhangayo [23] futhi imele umuthi wamakhambi wendabuko owaziwayo eShayina, osetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha izifo zamathumbu. Ucwaningo oluningana lubike ukuthi amafutha aguquguqukayo anothe nge-A. villosum ayizakhi eziyinhloko zokwelapha nezithako ezinephunga elimnandi [24,25,26,27]. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi amafutha abalulekile e-A. villosum abonisa ubuthi bokuxhumana ngokumelene nezinambuzane i-Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) kanye ne-Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), kanye nobuthi obunamandla obuvuthayo obuphikisana ne-T. castaneum [28]. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-A. villosum inomthelela omubi ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, i-biomass, i-litterfall kanye nezakhi zomhlabathi zamahlathi emvula [29]. Kodwa-ke, indima yezemvelo yamafutha aguquguqukayo kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-alelopathic azikaziwa. Ngokulandela izifundo zangaphambilini zamakhemikhali e-A. villosum amafutha abalulekile [30,31,32], inhloso yethu ukuphenya ukuthi i-A. villosum iyayikhipha yini imithelela ye-alelopathic emoyeni nasenhlabathini ukuze isize ukusungula ukubusa kwayo. Ngakho-ke, sihlela: (i) ukuhlaziya futhi siqhathanise izingxenye zamakhemikhali zamafutha aguquguqukayo avela ezithweni ezahlukene ze-A. villosum; (ii) ukuhlola i-alelopathy yamafutha aguquguqukayo akhishwe nezinhlanganisela ezishintshashintshayo kusuka ku-A. villosum, bese ihlonza amakhemikhali abe nemithelela ye-alelopathic ku-Lactuca sativa L. ne-Lolium perenne L.; kanye (iii) nokuhlola ngaphambilini imiphumela yamafutha avela ku-A. villosum ezinhlobonhlobo nesakhiwo somphakathi sama-microorganisms emhlabathini.