Amafutha e-Herbal Fructus Amomi Ama-Diffuser okubhucunga emvelo angu-1kg Amomum villosum Amafutha abalulekile

incazelo emfushane:

Umndeni wakwaZingiberaceae udonsele ukunaka okwandayo ocwaningweni lwe-allelopathic ngenxa yamafutha acebile ashintshashintshayo kanye nephunga elimnandi lezinhlobo zawo ezingamalungu. Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lubonise ukuthi amakhemikhali avela ku-Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary) [40], Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) BLBurtt & RMSm. [41] kanye ne-Zingiber officinale Rosc. [42] zomndeni wejinja zinemiphumela ye-allelopathic ekuhlumeni kwembewu nasekukhuleni kwezithombo zommbila, ilethisi kanye notamatisi. Ucwaningo lwethu lwamanje luwumbiko wokuqala ngomsebenzi we-allelopathic we-volatiles ezivela eziqwini, amaqabunga, kanye nezithelo ezincane ze-A. villosum (ilungu lomndeni we-Zingiberaceae). Isivuno samafutha seziqu, amaqabunga, kanye nezithelo ezincane sasingu-0.15%, 0.40%, kanye no-0.50%, ngokulandelana, okubonisa ukuthi izithelo zikhiqize inani elikhulu lamafutha avolatiles kuneziqu namaqabunga. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zamafutha avolatiles avela eziqwini kwakuyi-β-pinene, i-β-phellandrene kanye ne-α-pinene, okwakuyiphethini efana naleyo yamakhemikhali amakhulu kawoyela wamaqabunga, i-β-pinene kanye ne-α-pinene (ama-monoterpene hydrocarbons). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uwoyela ezithelweni ezincane wawucebile nge-bornyl acetate kanye ne-camphor (ama-monoterpenes ane-oxygen). Imiphumela isekelwe yimiphumela ye-Do N Dai [30,32] kanye ne-Hui Ao [31] owayethole amafutha avela ezithweni ezahlukene ze-A. villosum.

Kube nemibiko eminingana ngemisebenzi yokuvimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo yalezi zinhlanganisela eziyinhloko kwezinye izinhlobo. UShalinder Kaur uthole ukuthi i-α-pinene evela ku-eucalyptus icindezele kakhulu ubude bezimpande kanye nokuphakama kwehlumela le-Amaranthus viridis L. ekugxilweni kwe-1.0 μL [43], kanye nolunye ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-α-pinene ivimbela ukukhula kwezimpande kusenesikhathi futhi ibangele umonakalo we-oxidative ezicutshini zezimpande ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisebenzayo [44]. Eminye imibiko iphikise ngokuthi i-β-pinene ivimbele ukuhluma nokukhula kwezithombo zokhula lokuhlola ngendlela encike kumthamo ngokuphazamisa ubuqotho be-membrane [45], ukushintsha i-biochemistry yesitshalo nokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yama-peroxidases nama-polyphenol oxidases [46]. I-β-Phellandrene ibonise ukuvimbela okukhulu ekuhlumeni nasekukhuleni kwe-Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp ekugxilweni okungu-600 ppm [47], kanti, ekuhlungeni okungu-250 mg/m3, i-camphor yacindezela ukukhula kwe-radicle kanye nokukhula kwe-shoot kwe-Lepidium sativum L. [48]. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olubika umphumela we-allelopathic we-bornyl acetate luncane kakhulu. Esifundweni sethu, imiphumela ye-allelopathic ye-β-pinene, i-bornyl acetate kanye ne-camphor kubude bezimpande yayibuthakathaka kunamafutha aguquguqukayo ngaphandle kwe-α-pinene, kanti uwoyela wamaqabunga, ocebile nge-α-pinene, nawo wawunobuthi obukhulu be-phyto kunamafutha aguquguqukayo ahambisanayo avela eziqwini nasezithelo ze-A. villosum, kokubili okutholakele okubonisa ukuthi i-α-pinene ingaba ikhemikhali ebalulekile ye-allelopathic yalolu hlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imiphumela iphinde yabonisa ukuthi amanye amakhemikhali kumafutha ezithelo ayengekho amaningi angase abe negalelo ekukhiqizweni komphumela we-phytotoxic, okutholakele okudinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe esikhathini esizayo.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, umphumela we-allelopathic wamakhemikhali e-allelo uqondene nohlobo. UJiang nabanye bathole ukuthi uwoyela obalulekile okhiqizwa yi-Artemisia sieversiana waba nomphumela onamandla kakhulu ku-Amaranthus retroflexus L. kunaku-Medicago sativa L., Poa annua L., kanye ne-Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. [49]. Kolunye ucwaningo, uwoyela oguquguqukayo weLavandula angustifolia Mill. ukhiqize amazinga ahlukene emiphumela ye-phytotoxic ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezitshalo. I-Lolium multiflorum Lam. yayiyizinhlobo ezizwela kakhulu ukwamukela, ukukhula kwe-hypocotyl kanye ne-radicle kuvinjelwe yi-87.8% kanye ne-76.7%, ngokulandelana, ngesilinganiso samafutha angu-1 μL/mL, kodwa ukukhula kwe-hypocotyl kwezithombo zekhukhamba akuthintwanga kangako [20]. Imiphumela yethu ibonise nokuthi kwakukhona umehluko ekuzweleni kwe-A. villosum volatiles phakathi kwe-L. sativa ne-L. perenne.

Ama-volatile compounds kanye namafutha abalulekile ohlobo olufanayo angahluka ngobuningi kanye/noma ngobuningi ngenxa yezimo zokukhula, izingxenye zezitshalo kanye nezindlela zokuthola. Isibonelo, umbiko ubonise ukuthi i-pyranoid (10.3%) kanye ne-β-caryophyllene (6.6%) kwakuyizinto eziyinhloko zama-volatile akhishwa emaqabunga e-Sambucus nigra, kanti i-benzaldehyde (17.8%), i-α-bulnesene (16.6%) kanye ne-tetracosane (11.5%) zaziningi emafutheni akhishwe emaqabunga [50]. Esifundweni sethu, amakhemikhali aguquguqukayo akhishwa yizinto zezitshalo ezintsha ayenemiphumela enamandla kakhulu ye-allelopathic ezitshalweni zokuhlola kunamafutha aguquguqukayo akhishwe, umehluko ekuphenduleni uhlobene kakhulu nomehluko kuma-allelochemicals akhona kulawo malungiselelo amabili. Umehluko oqondile phakathi kwamakhemikhali aguquguqukayo namafutha udinga ukuhlolisiswa kabanzi ekuhlolweni okulandelayo.

Umehluko ekuhlukeni kwamagciwane kanye nesakhiwo somphakathi wamagciwane kumasampula enhlabathi lapho kwanezelwa khona amafutha aguquguqukayo kwakuhlobene nokuncintisana phakathi kwamagciwane kanye nanoma yimiphi imiphumela enobuthi kanye nobude bamafutha aguquguqukayo enhlabathini. I-Vokou ne-Liotiri [51] ithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha amane abalulekile (0.1 mL) enhlabathini etshaliwe (150 g) okusebenza ekuphefumuleni kwamasampula enhlabathi, ngisho namafutha ayehluka ekwakhekeni kwawo kwamakhemikhali, okuphakamisa ukuthi amafutha ezitshalo asetshenziswa njengomthombo wekhabhoni namandla ngamagciwane asemhlabathini avelayo. Idatha etholwe ocwaningweni lwamanje iqinisekisile ukuthi amafutha avela esitshalweni sonke se-A. villosum anegalelo ekwandeni okusobala kwenani lezinhlobo zesikhunta senhlabathi ngosuku lwe-14 ngemuva kokufakwa kwamafutha, okubonisa ukuthi uwoyela unganikeza umthombo wekhabhoni wesikhunta senhlabathi esengeziwe. Olunye ucwaningo lubike okutholakele: amagciwane asemhlabathini aphinde athola umsebenzi wawo wokuqala kanye ne-biomass ngemuva kwesikhathi sesikhashana sokushintshashintsha okubangelwa ukwengezwa kwamafutha e-Thymbra capitata L. (Cav), kodwa uwoyela onesilinganiso esiphezulu (0.93 µL uwoyela ngegremu ngayinye yenhlabathi) awuzange uvumele amagciwane asemhlabathini ukuthi aphinde athole ukusebenza kokuqala [52]. Esifundweni samanje, esisekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezinto eziphilayo zenhlabathi ngemva kokuphathwa ngezinsuku ezahlukene kanye nokugxila, sicabange ukuthi umphakathi wamagciwane enhlabathi uzolulama ngemva kwezinsuku ezengeziwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-fungus microbiota ayikwazi ukubuyela esimweni sayo sokuqala. Imiphumela elandelayo iqinisekisa lo mbono: umphumela ohlukile wokugcwala okuphezulu kwamafutha ekwakhekeni kwe-fungi microbiome yenhlabathi wembulwe yi-principal co-cordinates analysis (PCoA), kanti izethulo ze-heatmap ziqinisekisile futhi ukuthi ukwakheka komphakathi we-fungi enhlabathini ephathwe ngamafutha angu-3.0 mg/mL (okungukuthi amafutha angu-0.375 mg ngegremu ngayinye yenhlabathi) ezingeni lohlobo lwe-genus kuhluke kakhulu kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Okwamanje, ucwaningo mayelana nemiphumela yokwengezwa kwama-hydrocarbon e-monoterpene noma ama-monoterpene ane-oxygen ekuhlukeni kwamagciwane enhlabathini kanye nesakhiwo somphakathi lusancane. Izifundo ezimbalwa zibike ukuthi i-α-pinene yandisa umsebenzi wamagciwane enhlabathini kanye nobuningi be-Methylophilaceae (iqembu lama-methylotrophs, ama-Proteobacteria) ngaphansi kokuqukethwe okuphansi komswakama, idlala indima ebalulekile njengomthombo wekhabhoni enhlabathini eyomile [53Ngokufanayo, uwoyela oguquguqukayo wesitshalo sonke se-A. villosum, oqukethe i-15.03% α-pinene (Ithebula Elingeziwe S1), ngokusobala kwandise inani elikhulu lama-Proteobacteria ku-1.5 mg/mL kanye no-3.0 mg/mL, okwaphakamisa ukuthi i-α-pinene kungenzeka isebenze njengomunye wemithombo yekhabhoni yamagciwane enhlabathini.

Ama-compound aguquguqukayo akhiqizwa yizitho ezahlukene ze-A. villosum ayenezinga elihlukahlukene lemiphumela ye-allelopathic ku-L. sativa kanye ne-L. perenne, okwakuhlobene eduze nezakhi zamakhemikhali ezaziqukethwe yizingxenye zezitshalo ze-A. villosum. Nakuba ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kawoyela oguquguqukayo kwaqinisekiswa, ama-compound aguquguqukayo akhishwe yi-A. villosum ekushiseni kwegumbi awaziwa, okudinga uphenyo olwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela wokubambisana phakathi kwama-allelochemicals ahlukene nawo ufanele ukucatshangelwa. Ngokuphathelene nama-microorganisms enhlabathi, ukuze sihlole umphumela kawoyela oguquguqukayo kuma-microorganisms enhlabathi ngokuphelele, kusadingeka senze ucwaningo olujulile: sandise isikhathi sokwelashwa kawoyela oguquguqukayo futhi siqonde ukuhlukahluka kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kawoyela oguquguqukayo enhlabathini ngezinsuku ezahlukene.

Intengo ye-FOB:US $0.5 - 9,999 / Isiqephu

Ubuningi be-Order encane:Izingcezu/Izingcezu eziyi-100

Amandla Okunikezela:Izingcezu/Izingcezu eziyi-10000 ngenyanga

Sithumelele i-imeyili

Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

Amathegi Omkhiqizo

I-Allelopathy ivame ukuchazwa njenganoma yimuphi umphumela oqondile noma ongaqondile, omuhle noma omubi wesitshalo esisodwa kolunye ngokukhiqizwa nokukhululwa kwamakhemikhali endaweni ezungezile [1]. Izitshalo zikhipha amakhemikhali e-allelo emkhathini nasenhlabathini ngokuwohloka, ukugeleza kwamaqabunga, ukukhishwa kwezimpande, kanye nokubola kwezinsalela [2]. Njengeqembu elilodwa lama-allelochemicals abalulekile, izingxenye eziguquguqukayo zingena emoyeni nasenhlabathini ngezindlela ezifanayo: izitshalo zikhipha izinto eziguquguqukayo emkhathini ngqo [3]; amanzi emvula ahlanza lezi zingxenye (njenge-monoterpenes) ezikhiqizweni ezikhipha amaqabunga kanye ne-wax ebusweni, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi izingxenye eziguquguqukayo zingene enhlabathini [4]; izimpande zezitshalo zingakhipha izinto ezibangelwa ukhula kanye nezinto ezibangelwa amagciwane enhlabathini [5]; lezi zingxenye ezitshalweni ziphinde zikhishwe enhlabathini ezungezile [6Njengamanje, amafutha ashintshashintshayo aye ahlolwa kabanzi ukuze asetshenziswe ekuphathweni kokhula nezinambuzane [7,8,9,10,11]. Zitholakala zisebenza ngokusabalala esimweni sazo segesi emoyeni nangokuguquka zibe ezinye izimo zibe emhlabathini noma ziye kuwo [3,12], edlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokusebenzisana kwezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nokushintsha umphakathi wezitshalo phakathi kwezitshalo nokhula [13]. Izifundo eziningana ziphakamisa ukuthi i-allelopathy ingasiza ekusungulweni kokubusa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezindaweni zemvelo [14,15,16Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezivelele zingabhekwa njengemithombo engaba khona yamakhemikhali e-allelo.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imiphumela ye-allelopathic kanye namakhemikhali e-allelopathic kuye kwamukelwa kancane kancane ngabacwaningi ngenhloso yokuthola ezinye izindlela ezifanele zokufaka esikhundleni semithi yokubulala ukhula yokwenziwa [17,18,19,20]. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kwezolimo, imithi yokubulala ukhula isetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ukukhula kokhula. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngokungakhethi kwemithi yokubulala ukhula yokwenziwa kuye kwaba nomthelela ekwandeni kwezinkinga zokumelana nokhula, ukuwohloka kancane kancane kwenhlabathi, kanye nezingozi empilweni yabantu [21]. Amakhemikhali emvelo e-allelopathic avela ezitshalweni anganikeza amandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwamakhemikhali amasha okubulala ukhula, noma njengamakhemikhali e-lead ekuboneni amakhemikhali amasha okubulala ukhula avela emvelweni [17,22].

I-Amomum villosum Lour. iyisitshalo esihlala isikhathi eside esikhula njengesitshalo esihlala isikhathi eside emndenini wejinja, esikhula sibe ukuphakama okungu-1.2–3.0 m emthunzini wezihlahla. Sisabalale kabanzi eNingizimu China, eThailand, eVietnam, eLaos, eCambodia, nakwezinye izindawo zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Isithelo esomile se-A. villosum siwuhlobo lwesinongo esivamile ngenxa yokunambitheka kwaso okukhangayo [23] futhi imelela umuthi wendabuko owaziwayo eShayina, osetshenziswa kabanzi ukwelapha izifo zesisu. Izifundo eziningana zibike ukuthi amafutha athambile acebile ku-A. villosum ayizithako zokwelapha eziyinhloko kanye nezithako ezinuka kamnandi [24,25,26,27Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi amafutha abalulekile e-A. villosum abonisa ubuthi bokuthintana nezinambuzane i-Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) kanye ne-Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), kanye nobuthi obunamandla bokufutha i-T. castaneum [28Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-A. villosum inomthelela omubi ekwahlukeni kwezitshalo, i-biomass, ukungcola kanye nezakhamzimba zomhlabathi zehlathi lemvula eliyinhloko [29]. Kodwa-ke, indima yezemvelo yamafutha aguquguqukayo kanye namakhemikhali e-allelopathic ayaziwa. Ngenxa yezifundo zangaphambilini mayelana nezingxenye zamakhemikhali zamafutha abalulekile e-A. villosum [30,31,32], umgomo wethu ukuphenya ukuthi ngabe i-A. villosum ikhipha yini ama-compounds anemiphumela ye-allelopathic emoyeni nasenhlabathini ukuze isize ekusunguleni ukubusa kwayo. Ngakho-ke, sihlela: (i) ukuhlaziya nokuqhathanisa izingxenye zamakhemikhali zamafutha aguquguqukayo avela ezithweni ezahlukene ze-A. villosum; (ii) ukuhlola i-allelopathy yamafutha aguquguqukayo akhishwe kanye nama-compound aguquguqukayo avela ku-A. villosum, bese sithola amakhemikhali anemiphumela ye-allelopathic ku-Lactuca sativa L. kanye ne-Lolium perenne L.; kanye (iii) ukuhlola imiphumela yamafutha avela ku-A. villosum ekwahlukeni kanye nesakhiwo somphakathi sama-microorganisms enhlabathini.