Amafutha e-Dalbergia Odoriferae ahlanzekile e-Lignum okwenza amakhandlela nensipho ngobuningi amafutha abalulekile amasha kuma-diffuser okushisa umhlanga

Ngokusho kwedatha ye-The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org, 2017), igama elilandelayo elamukelekayo likaI-Dalbergia odoriferaIzinhlobo ze-T. Chen zibhalwe ezingeni lokuzethemba okuphezulu [13]. Isitshalo semithiD. odoriferauhlobo, olwaziwa nangokuthi i-rosewood enephunga elimnandi, luyisihlahla esihlala isikhathi eside esinama-semi-deciduous [14], enezici zokwakheka njengokuphakama okungamamitha angu-30–65, amaqabunga aqandayo, nezimbali ezincane eziphuzi [14]. Ukwakheka kwezimpawu kuye kwabikwa nasemsebenzini kaHao noWu (1993), ngokusekelwe encazelweni eningiliziwe yesimo somzimba kanye nesakhiwo sangaphandle esenziwe kumaseli e-stem parenchyma esihlahla esishisayo esinqumayo se-D. odoriferaizinhlobo [15]. Njengoba imiphumela ibonisiwe, ku-phloem yesibili yegatsha kanye nesiqu, amaprotheni e-vacuole atholakale kuwo wonke amaseli e-parenchyma, ngaphandle kwamaseli ahambisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaprotheni ku-ray parenchyma kanye ne-vasicentric parenchyma avele ku-xylem yesibili yangaphandle yegatsha kuphela, kodwa hhayi ku-xylem yesibili yesiqu. Amaprotheni e-xylem vacuole aqongelela ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhula futhi anyamalala ngemva kokukhula kokuqala entwasahlobo. Amaprotheni e-phloem vacuole abonise ukushintshashintsha kwesizini, ikakhulukazi kumaseli aseduze ne-cambium. Isakhiwo se-fibrous samaprotheni e-vacuole ngokusobala sitholakale esimweni sokuhlangana noma ekuhlakazekeni okucishe kube ngokulinganayo okwenzeka kuma-vacuole amakhulu aphakathi ngesikhathi sokukhula kanye nezikhathi zokulala. Okubalulekile, uhlobo lokukhula kwesizini ezihlahleni zasezindaweni ezishisayo lungase luhluke kulolo olusezihlahleni ezifudumele, lapho isihlahla se-leguminous esivela ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseShayina ezifanaD. odoriferaIzinhlobo zazinamaprotheni okugcina isiqu kuma-vacuole amakhulu aphakathi, kodwa amaprotheni okugcina isiqu sezihlahla ezifudumele avele njengama-vacuole amancane okugcina amaprotheni noma imizimba yamaprotheni, futhi uhlobo oluthile lokugcinwa kwamaprotheni esiqu olutholakala ezitshalweni zasezindaweni ezishisayo kungenzeka kungabi yinto eyenzeka ngengozi [15].

Isitshalo semithiD. odoriferaUhlobo luboniswe njengenye yezihlahla ze-rosewood eziyigugu kakhulu emhlabeni ezinenani elihlukahlukene lezokwelapha nelezentengiselwano. Isibonelo, i-heartwood yayo, ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Jiangxiang” kwezokwelapha zendabuko zaseShayina, yayisetshenziswa kwi-Chinese Pharmacopoeia ukwelapha izifo zenhliziyo, umdlavuza, isifo sikashukela, izinkinga zegazi, ischemia, ukuvuvukala, i-necrosis, kanye nobuhlungu be-rheumatic [6,7Ngokwazi kwethu, i-heartwoods yanikeza umthombo onenzuzo wamafutha abalulekile, okwakungabonakala njengesithako esiyigugu samakha [1Ngaphandle kwendima ebalulekile embonini yezemithi, izihlahla ze-heartwood zazidumile ngefenisha kanye nemisebenzi yezandla esezingeni eliphezulu, ngenxa yephunga lazo elimnandi, ubuso obuhle, kanye nobuningi obukhulu [2Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isitshalo sasendleD. odoriferaizinhlobo zezilwane zisongelwa ukulahlekelwa yindawo yokuhlala kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinkuni [2,16]. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa nokukhula kwalokhu kuwumsebenzi ophuthumayo. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, muva nje, ithonya lokushintshashintsha kwezindawo kanye nokushisa kuD. odoriferaUkuhluma kwembewu (okusekelwe ezindaweni ezine zezwe: iLedong, iHainan; iPingxiang, iGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; iZhaoqing, iGuangdong; kanye neLonghai, eFujian, eShayina) kubikwe emsebenzini kaLiu et al. (2017) [16]. Umphumela wembule ukuthi izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu lokuhluma kwembewu eqoqwe eLedong nasePingxiang lalingu-25°C, kanti elembewu evela kwezimbili ezisele lalingu-30°C. Kwesinye isimo, uLu et al. (2012) bathole ukuthi amandla okubopha amaqhubu okulungisa i-N2 evela emoyeni kuD. odoriferaizinhlobo zaziyimfuneko yokutshala nokukhula kwezithombo, ngakho-ke sidinga ukuhlonza ubudlelwano bokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-rhizobia namaqhubu e-D. odoriferaizinhlobo [17]. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-phylogenetic kwe-16S rRNA gene kanye ne-16S–23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) kubonise ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamagciwane, i-8111 kanye ne-8201, zahlukaniswa kumaqhubu ezimpande zesitshalo esihlala sikhona eNingizimu yeShayina,D. odoriferaizinhlobo, ezazihlobene kakhuluI-Burkholderia cepaciaOkwamanje, zazifana nasekusetshenzisweni komthombo wekhabhoni kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwepuleti le-biology GN2 futhi okuqukethwe kwazo kwe-DNA G+C kwakungu-65.8 kanye no-65.5 mol%, ngokulandelana [17Izinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobo, i-8111 kanye ne-8201, ziphinde zanikeza ukufana okuphezulu ne-B. cepaciainkimbinkimbi ekufakweni kwe-oxidation cishe kuyo yonke imithombo yekhabhoni, ngaphandle kwe-cellobiose, uma kuqhathaniswa neB. cepaciafuthiI-B. pyrrociniangokushiswa kwe-cellobiose ne-xylitol kanyeI-B. vietnamiensisngokushiswa kwe-adonitol kanye ne-cellobiose [17]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-biomass yezitshalo kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-N kubonise ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-N2 okusebenzayo kwenzeke kumaqhubu ngemva kokugonywa ngalezi ezimbili.I-Burkholderiaizinhlobo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezithombo zokulawula ezingezinhle zeD. odoriferaizinhlobo [17]. Ekuphetheni,I-BurkholderiaIzinhlobo 8111 kanye no-8201 zingadlala indima enhle ekwakheni amaqhubu asebenzayo ezinhlobo zemidumbaD. odorifera[17].

Isikhunta se-endophytic noma ama-endophyte, akhona kabanzi ngaphakathi kwezicubu ezinempilo zezitshalo, angathinta kakhulu ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo ye-metabolic kanye nekhwalithi kanye nenani lemikhiqizo yemvelo etholakala ezitshalweni zokwelapha [49]. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesikhunta esihlukahlukene kanye ne-partial irregular heartwood yaseGuangdong, eShayina,D. odoriferaizinhlobo, kwabikwa yiSun et al. (2015); okokuqala, kwahlukaniswa isikhunta ezimbili kuphela ezicutshini zokhuni ezimhlophe ezinempilo eziyi-160, ezineminyaka engaba yisikhombisa ubudala, ezazihlobene nezinhlobo zeBionectriaceae. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isikhunta esingu-85 satholakala ezicutshini zokhuni ezibomvu noma ezinsundu ngokunsomi, ezineminyaka engaba yisikhombisa ubudala, futhi zazingezizinhlobo ezingu-12 [2Okwesibili, ukuhlonza ama-molecule kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-phylogenetic kubonise ukuthi isikhunta esihlukanisiwe senze ama-clade ayisikhombisa ahlukene anenani elikhulu le-bootstrap elingaphezu kuka-90%, okuhlanganisaI-Fusariumsp., i-Bionectriaceae, i-Pleosporales,I-Phomopsissp.,I-Exophiala jeansselmei,I-Auricularia polytricha, futhiU-Oudemansiellasp. Isibonelo, ukulandelana kwe-ITS okuvela kukhodi ehlukanisiwe engu-12120 evela okhunini olulimele kwatholakala ukuthiI-Phomopsissp. futhi yahlanganiswa ngokusekelwa okungu-98% kwe-bootstrap ngeI-Phomopsissp.DQ780429noma ngekhodi ehlukanisiwe engu-12201 ethathwe okhunini olumhlophe olunempilo, olune-clade esekelwa ngokuqinile ene-I-Bionectriaceaesp.EF672316, ikakhulukazi ama-isolates amathathu angu-12119, 12130, kanye no-12131 ayehlobene eduze ngenani le-bootstrap elingu-92%, elihlanganiswe kakhulu nezinkomba zokubhekisela zeI-Fusariumsp. ku-GenBank. Okwesithathu, ucwaningo olunzulu kanye nokuhlaziywa okuphelele kwemvamisa yokuhlukaniswa kwe-endophytic kwaveza izinhlobo eziyishumi nambili zesikhunta esihlahleni esinsundu onsundu lapho imvamisa yokufika kwamakoloni yayingu-53.125%, okungeyama-genera ayisishiyagalombili noma imindeni:I-Eutypa,I-Fusarium,I-Phomopsis,U-Oudemansiella,I-Eutypella,I-Auricularia,Ama-Pleoporalessp., kanyeI-Exophiala, laphoI-Eutypasp. (12123) yayivame kakhulu ngo-21.25%, kuyilapho kuphelaI-Bionectriaceaei-sp. (1.25%) itholakale okhunini olumhlophe olunempilo. Ekugcineni, ukuhlaziywa kwesimo somzimba kusikisele ukuthi i-fungus hyphae ethile ivele emithanjeni yokhuni olunsundu onsundu olulimele, kanti lena ayitholakalanga emithanjeni yokhuni olumhlophe olunempilo.