Amafutha e-Dalbergia Odoriferae Lignum ahlanzekile ekhandlela nensipho enza i-wholesale diffuser uwoyela obalulekile usha wezishisi zokushisa umhlanga

Ngokusho kwedathabheyisi yohlu lwezitshalo (http://www.theplantlist.org, 2017), igama elilandelayo elamukelekayo leI-Dalbergia odoriferaIzinhlobo ze-T. Chen zikleliswe ezingeni lokuzethemba okuphezulu [13]. Isitshalo somuthiD. odoriferaI-rosewood, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-rosewood enephunga elimnandi, isihlahla esingapheli [14], enezici ze-morphological ezifana nobude obungamafidi angu-30–65, amaqabunga amise okweqanda, nezimbali ezincane eziphuzi [14]. I-morphology yesici nayo ibikiwe emsebenzini ka-Hao no-Wu (1993), ngokusekelwe encazelweni enemininingwane yesimo somzimba nesakhiwo sangaphandle esenziwe kumaseli we-stem parenchyma wesihlahla esivuthuluka esishisayo.D. odoriferaizinhlobo [15]. Njengoba imiphumela ikhonjisiwe, ku-phloem yesibili ye-branchlet ne-trunk, amaprotheni e-vacuole atholakala kuwo wonke amaseli e-parenchyma, ngaphandle kwamaseli ahambisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaprotheni ku-ray parenchyma kanye ne-vasicentric parenchyma avela kuphela ku-xylem yesibili yangaphandle ye-branchlet, kodwa hhayi ku-xylem yesibili ye-trunk. Amaprotheni e-xylem vacuole anqwabelana ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhula futhi anyamalala ngemva kokukhula kokuqala kokukhula entwasahlobo. Amaprotheni e-phloem vacuole abonise ukuhlukahluka kwesizini, ikakhulukazi kumaseli aseduze ne-cambium. Isakhiwo esine-fibrous samaprotheni e-vacuole ngokusobala satholakala esimweni sokuhlanganisa noma ekuhlakazekeni okungaphezulu noma okuncane okwenzeka kuma-vacuole amakhulu amaphakathi phakathi kokubili kokukhula kanye nezikhathi zokulala. Okubalulekile, imvelo yokukhula kwesizini ezihlahleni zasezindaweni ezishisayo ingase yehluke kulezo ezihlahleni ezipholile, lapho isihlahla esinemidumba evela ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseChina njengeD. odoriferaizinhlobo zazinamaprotheni okugcina isiqu kuma-vacuoles amakhulu amaphakathi, kodwa amaprotheni okugcina isiqu sezihlahla ezipholile avele njengama-vacuoles amancane okugcina amaprotheni noma imizimba yamaprotheni, futhi uhlobo oluthile lokugcinwa kwamaprotheni okutholakala ezitshalweni ezishisayo kungenzeka kungabi yinto eyenzeka ngengozi [15].

Isitshalo somuthiD. odoriferaizinhlobo ze-rosewood zikhonjiswe njengenye yezihlahla ze-rosewood eziyigugu kakhulu emhlabeni ezinamanani ahlukahlukene okwelapha kanye nokuhweba okuphezulu. Isibonelo, i-heartwood yayo, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Jiangxiang" emithini yendabuko yamaShayina, yayisetshenziswa e-Chinese Pharmacopoeia ukwelapha izifo zenhliziyo, umdlavuza, isifo sikashukela, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, ischemia, ukuvuvukala, i-necrosis, nobuhlungu be-rheumatic [6,7]. Ngokwazi kwethu, i-heartwoods yanikeza insiza enenzuzo yamafutha abalulekile, ayengabonakala njengesithako esiyigugu sokulungisa amakha [1]. Ngaphandle kweqhaza elibalulekile embonini yezemithi, ama-heartwoods ayedume ngefenisha yezinga eliphezulu nemisebenzi yezandla, ngenxa yephunga lawo elimnandi, indawo enhle, kanye nokuminyana okuphezulu [2]. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isitshalo sasendleD. odoriferaizinhlobo zezilwane zisengozini yokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala kanye nokuxhashazwa ngokweqile ukuze kusetshenziswe izingodo [2,16]. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa nokukhula kwalesi kuwumsebenzi ophuthumayo. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, muva nje, umthelela wokuhlukahluka kwezindawo nezinga lokushisa ku-D. odoriferaukumila kwembewu (okusekelwe ezindaweni ezine zokuma kwezwe: iLedong, iHainan; iPingxiang, iGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; iZhaoqing, iGuangdong; kanye neLonghai, eFujian, eChina) kwabikwa emsebenzini kaLiu et al. (2017) [16]. Umphumela wembula ukuthi izinga lokushisa elilungile lokuhluma lembewu eqoqwe e-Ledong nasePingxiang lalingu-25°C, kanti lelo lembewu yezimbewu ezimbili ezisele lalingu-30°C. Kwesinye isimo, uLu et al. (2012) uthole ukuthi amandla okugoqa ukulungisa i-N2 emkhathiniD. odoriferaIzinhlobo zezilwane zaziyimfuneko ekumisweni nasekukhuleni kwezithombo, ngakho-ke sidinga ukuhlonza ubudlelwano be-symbiosis phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-rhizobia namaqhuqhuva.D. odoriferaizinhlobo [17]. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Phylogenetic kofuzo lwe-16S rRNA kanye ne-16S-23S yangaphakathi ebhaliwe emkhathini (ITS) kuthathe ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamabhaktheriya, 8111 kanye no-8201, zazihlukanisiwe nezigaxana zezimpande ze-legume ehlala njalo eNingizimu yeShayina,D. odoriferaizinhlobo, ezazihlobene eduzeBurkholderia cepacia. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ayefana nasekusetshenzisweni komthombo wekhabhoni kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwepuleti le-biology ye-GN2 futhi okuqukethwe kwawo kwe-DNA G+C kwakungama-65.8 kanye no-65.5 mol%, ngokulandelana [17]. Izinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobo, i-8111 kanye ne-8201, ziphinde zanikeza ukufana okuphezulu neB. cepaciaeyinkimbinkimbi ekufakweni kwe-oxidation cishe yonke imithombo ye-carbon, ngaphandle kwe-cellobiose, uma kuqhathaniswa neB. cepaciafuthiB. pyrrociniange-oxidation ye-cellobiose ne-xylitol kanye neB. Vietnamesei-oxidation ye-adonitol ne-cellobiose [17]. Ukwengeza, i-biomass yezitshalo kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-N kubonise ukuthi ukulungiswa kwe-N2 okusebenzayo kwenzeka kuma-nodule ngemva kokujova nalawa amabili.I-Burkholderiaamagciwane, uma kuqhathaniswa nezithombo zokulawula ezingezinhle zeD. odoriferaizinhlobo [17]. Ekuphetheni,I-Burkholderiai-strains 8111 kanye ne-8201 ingadlala indima enhle ekwakheni ama-nodules asebenzayo ezinhlobo ze-legumeD. odorifera[17].

Isikhunta se-Endophytic noma ama-endophyte, akhona kabanzi ngaphakathi kwezicubu ezinempilo zezitshalo, angase abe nomthelela omkhulu ekwakhekeni kwemikhiqizo ye-metabolic kanye nekhwalithi nenani lemikhiqizo yemvelo etholakala ezitshalweni zokwelapha [49]. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesikhunta esihlukahlukene kanye ne-heartwood engajwayelekile ngokwengxenye yaseGuangdong, eChina,D. odoriferaizinhlobo, kubikwe yi-Sun et al. (2015); okokuqala, isikhunta ezimbili kuphela ezahlukaniswa kusukela ku-160 izicubu zokhuni ezimhlophe ezinempilo, cishe iminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala, ezazixhunywe nezinhlobo ze-Bionectriaceae. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kwatholakala isikhunta esingu-85 ezicutshini zokhuni ezilimele ezinsomi noma onsundu ngokunsomi, cishe ezineminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala, futhi ziyingxenye yezinhlobo ezingu-12 [2]. Okwesibili, ukuhlonza amangqamuzana kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-phylogenetic kubonise ukuthi isikhunta esingasodwa senza izigaba eziyisikhombisa ezihlukene ngenani lamanani e-bootstrap ngaphezu kwama-90%, kuhlanganiseI-Fusariumsp., Bionectriaceae, Pleosporales,I-Phomopsissp.,Exophiala jeanselmei,I-Auricularia polytricha, futhiOudemansiellasp. Isibonelo, ukulandelana kwe-ITS kusuka kukhodi engayodwa engu-12120 kusuka kukhuni elimele kukhonjwe ngokuthiI-Phomopsissp. futhi yahlanganiswa yi-98% yokusekelwa kwe-bootstrap ngeI-Phomopsissp.DQ780429noma ngekhodi engayodwa ethi 12201 ethathwe okhunini olumhlophe olunempilo, olusebenzisa isigqoko esisekelwe ngokuqinileI-Bionectriaceaesp.EF672316, ikakhulukazi ama-isolate amathathu 12119, 12130, kanye ne-12131 ayehlobene eduze nevelu ye-bootstrap engu-92%, eyayihlangene ngokuqinile nokulandelana kwereferensi kweI-Fusariumsp. ku-GenBank. Okwesithathu, ucwaningo olunzulu kanye nokuhlaziywa okuphelele kwemvamisa yokuhlukaniswa kwe-endophytic kwadalula izinhlobo zesikhunta eziyishumi nambili okhunini olulimele onsundu ngokunsomi lapho imvamisa yekoloni yayingama-53.125%, okungeyesizukulwane noma imindeni eyisishiyagalombili:I-Eutypa,I-Fusarium,I-Phomopsis,Oudemansiella,I-Eutypella,I-Auricularia,Ama-Pleoporalessp., futhiExophiala, laphoI-Eutypasp. (12123) yayivame kakhulu ngo-21.25%, kuyilapho kuphelaI-Bionectriaceaesp. (1.25%) yatholakala okhunini olumhlophe olunempilo. Ekugcineni, ukuhlaziywa kwe-anatomical kwasikisela ukuthi enye i-hyphae yesikhunta yavela ezitsheni zokhuni olulimele onsundu ngokunsomi, kuyilapho lena ayizange itholakale emkhunjini wokhuni olumhlophe olunempilo.