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I-Forsythia ikhula(Thunb.) Vahl. (I-Oleaceae yomndeni) iyisihlahla sokuhlobisa, izithelo zazo ezisetshenziswa njenge-TCM eyaziwa kakhulu "Forsythiae Fructus" (FF) (连翘in Chinese). Izici ze-TCM ze-FF zifingqwa njengezibabayo ngokunambitheka, okunobanda obuncane kanye namaphaphu, inhliziyo noma i-intestinum meridian distribution (Pharmacopoeia Commission of PRC, 2015), lezo zici zihambisana nokubonakala kwe-TCM ephikisana nokuvuvukala, ngokusho kuka-Chen. kanye noZhang (2014). Emithini ye-Shennong, i-FF yayisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-pyrexia, ukuvuvukala, i-gonorrhea, i-carbuncle kanye ne-erysipelas (Cho et al., 2011). Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-FF ziyatholakala, isithelo esisha esiluhlaza esivuthiwe esibizwa ngokuthi “Qingqiao” kanye nesiphuzi esivuthwe ngokugcwele esibizwa ngokuthi “Laoqiao”. Zombili zisebenza njengemithombo esemthethweni ye-FF, nokho, i-Qingqiao isetshenziswa kaningi emibhalweni ye-TCM (Jia et al., 2015). Izindawo ezikhiqizayo ezinkulu ze-FF yi-Hebei, i-Shaanxi, i-Shanxi, i-Shandong, i-Anhui, i-Henan, i-Hubei, i-Jiangsu (elinyiwe) kanye nezifundazwe zase-Sichuan (Ibhodi Lomhleli le-Flora yase-China, 1978).

Ohlelweni lwango-2015 lwe-Chinese Pharmacopoeia, kufakwe kuhlu izidakamizwa zaseShayina eziyi-114 eziqukethe i-FF, njengesixazululo somlomo se-Shuanghuanglian, ithebhulethi ye-Yinqiao Jiedu, amaphilisi e-Niuhuang Shangqing, njll (Pharmacopoeia Commission of PRC, 2015). Ucwaningo lwesimanje luveza i-anti-inflammatory (Kim et al., 2003), i-antioxidant (CC Chen et al., 1999), antibacterial (Han et al., 2012), anti-cancer (Hu et al., 2007), anti -virus (Ko et al., 2005), anti-allergies (Hao et al., 2010), imiphumela ye-neuroprotective (S. Zhang et al., 2015),njll.Nakuba isithelo kuphela esisetshenziswa njenge-TCM, ezinye izifundo zibike imiphumela ye-phytochemistry kanye ne-pharmacological yamaqabunga (Ge et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2015), izimbali (Takizawa et al., 1981) kanye nembewu (Zhang et al. ., 2002).F. suspensa. Ngakho-ke, manje sinikeza ukubuka konke okuhlelekile kolwazi olutholakalayo lweF. suspensa, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko, isayensi yezitshalo, i-phytochemistry, i-pharmacology, ubuthi, i-pharmacokinetics nokulawula ikhwalithi. Futhi, kuxoxwa ngezikhombisi-ndlela zesikhathi esizayo zocwaningo.

Amazwibela esigaba

Ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko

Emibhalweni yakudala yesiShayina yamakhambi, i-FF ibhalwe njengewusizo ekwelapheni i-rat fistula, i-scrofula, i-carbuncle, isilonda esiyingozi, isimila senyongo, ukushisa kanye nobuthi (i-herbal ka-Shennong, u-Bencao Chongyuan, u-Bencao Zhengyi, u-Zhenglei Bencao). Ngokwamasiko amaningi asendulo, lesi sithombo sezokwelapha sisebenza kahle kakhulu ekususeni ukushisa kwesiteshi senhliziyo futhi sikhulule umswakama-ukushisa kobende nesisu. Iphinde ibe yokwelapha ekwelapheni i-stranguria, i-edema, i-qi stagnancy kanye ne-blood stasis.

Isayensi yezitshalo

F. suspensa(I-Weeping Forsythia) isihlahlana esinezihlahla ezihlobisayo esidabuka eShayina, esikhula sifike kubude obungamamitha amathathu (Fig. 1). Inama-internode angenalutho anamagatsha anwebekayo noma ama-pendulous anombala ophuzi-nsundu noma onsundu ngokumpunga. Amaqabunga ngokuvamile alula, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ama-3-foliolate. Ama-blade amaqabunga ayi-ovate, i-ovate ebanzi, noma i-elliptic-ovate futhi angu-2-10 × 1.5-5 cm2 ngosayizi anesisekelo esiyindilinga ukuya ku-cuneate kanye ne-apex ebukhali. Zombili izinhlangothi zamaqabunga ziluhlaza, zicwebezelayo ngokucijile noma ngamaqhafuqhafu

I-Phytochemistry

Kulezi zinsuku, kutholakale ama-compounds angu-237F. suspensa, kufaka phakathi i-46 lignans (1-46), 31 phenylethanoid glycosides (47-77), 11 flavonoids (78-88), 80 terpenoids (89-168), 20 cyclohexylethanol derivatives (169-188), alkaloids ayisithupha (1948) ), ama-steroidal amane (195-198) kanye namanye ama-compounds angu-39 (199-237). Phakathi kwazo, izingxenye ezimbili (21-22) zahlukaniswa nezimbali zeF. suspensa, izingxenye eziyi-19 (94–100, 107–111, 115–117, 198, 233–235) zahlukaniswa emaqabunga eF. suspensa, izingxenye ezine

Imiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala

Imisebenzi elwa nokuvuvukala ye-FF isekela imiphumela yayo yokuhlanza ukushisa (Guo et al., 2015). Ukuvuvukala kuwukusabela ngokomzimba ekuvuseleleni okuthathelwanayo, okungezwani komzimba, noma kwamakhemikhali (Lee et al., 2011). Ibandakanyeka ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona, njengezifo zesikhumba, i-allergies, nomdlavuza,njll.I-FF ingenye ye-TCM enamandla okulwa nokuvuvukala, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuvuvukeni okungapheli nokubi. Imisebenzi yokulwa nokuvuvukala ye-FF iklelise yabahlanu ephezulu phakathi kwe-TCM engama-81 ehloliwe (70% ethanol

Ubuthi

Kuze kube manje, awukho umbiko ngobuthi be-FF. Umthamo wokuphatha wansuku zonke we-FF uphakanyiswa ukuthi ube ngu-6–15 g (Pharmacopoeia Commission of PRC, 2015). Imibiko efanelekile ikhombise ubuthi obunamandla bamanzi noma i-ethanol ekhishwe emaqabungaF. suspensakumagundane, ngisho nomthamo wansuku zonke we-61.60 g/kg (Ai et al., 2011, Hou et al., 2016, Li et al., 2013). UHan et al. (2017) abike ukuthi abukho ubuthi obukhulu be-phillyrin (kusuka emaqabunga e-F. suspensa)kumagundane e-NIH (18.1 g/kg/ngosuku, po, izinsuku eziyi-14) noma cha

I-Pharmacokinetics

Li et al. ikhombe ama-metabolite esigaba esiyisishiyagalolunye se-phillyrin kumasampula omchamo wamagundane futhi yethula izindlela zayo zokuxilonga ezingenzeka kumagundane. I-Phillyrin ekuqaleni yafakwa i-hydrolyzed yaba yi-phillygenin yabe isiguqulelwa kwamanye ama-metabolites ikakhulukazi nge-methylation, i-demethylation, i-dehydroxylation kanye nezinqubo zokuvula indandatho (Li et al., 2014c). H. Wang et al. (I-2016) ikhombe i-34 isigaba I kanye nesigaba II metabolites se-phillyrin futhi yabonisa ukuthi i-hydrolysis, i-oxidation ne-sulfation yayinkulu.

Ikhwalithi yokulawula

Ukulawula ikhwalithi ye-FF, i-Chinese Pharmacopoeia iphakamisa ukuhlonza i-morphological, microscopic kanye ne-TLC ngaphezu kokunqunywa kwe-HPLC. Amasampuli e-FF afanelekayo kufanele aqukathe ngaphezu kuka-0.150% we-phillyrin (Ikhomishini ye-Pharmacopoeia ye-PRC, 2015).

Kodwa-ke, umaka owodwa we-quantitative, i-phillyrin, ubonakala enganele ukuhlola ikhwalithi ye-FF. Muva nje, izakhi ezahlukahlukene ze-bioactive ku-FF zihlolwe nge-chromatography ehlukile, i-electrophoresis, i-MS kanye nezindlela ze-NMR, njenge

Isiphetho kanye nemibono yesikhathi esizayo

Ukubuyekezwa kwamanje kufingqa imininingwane egcwele mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwendabuko, isayensi yezitshalo, i-phytochemistry, imiphumela yezemithi, ubuthi, i-pharmacokinetics kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi.F. suspensa. Emibhalweni yakudala yesiShayina yamakhambi kanye ne-Chinese Pharmacopoeia, i-FF isetshenziswa kakhulu ekususeni ukushisa nokukhipha ubuthi. Kuze kube manje, ngaphezu kwama-230 ama-compounds ahlukaniswe futhi ahlonzwa kule mifino. Phakathi kwabo, i-lignans ne-phenylethanoid glycosides ibhekwa njengesici kanye ne-bioactive

TCM izincazelo

I-Yin: I-“Yin” ingelinye lamandla amabili aphikisanayo emvelo, ngokwesakhiwo sasendulo samaShayina somkhathi. I-“Yin” ibonakala njengenensa, ethambile, evumayo, esakazekayo, ebandayo, emanzi noma enokuthula, futhi ihlotshaniswa namanzi, umhlaba, inyanga, ubufazi kanye nesikhathi sasebusuku.

Qi: Ngokwemigomo ye-acupuncture, "qi" "amandla okuphila". Iwumthombo wakho konke ukunyakaza ngaphakathi komzimba, isivikelo ekuhlaselweni komzimba, umthombo wawo wonke umsebenzi we-metabolic, ihlinzeka ngokubamba izicubu.

Ukubonga

Lo msebenzi usekelwe i-Beijing Joint Project of Science Research enemfundo yabafundi abaneziqu—Ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe Olubalulekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kokuphepha kwezinto zokwelapha zaseShayina ezinobuthi ngokusekelwe ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali nezici ze-zebrafish.

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Thumela i-imeyili kithi

Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

Omaka bomkhiqizo

Ukufaneleka kwe-Ethnopharmacological

I-Forsythiae Fructus (ebizwa ngokuthi i-Lianqiao ngesiShayina), isithelo sikaI-Forsythia ikhula(Thunb.) Vahl, isetshenziswa njengomuthi wendabuko ojwayelekile eShayina, eJapan naseKorea. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-pyrexia, ukuvuvukala,isifo sohudo,i-carbunclefuthii-erysipelas. Ngokuya ngesikhathi sokuvuna esihlukile, i-Forsythiae Fructus ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili, okuyi-Qingqiao ne-Laoqiao. Izithelo eziluhlaza eziqala ukuvuthwa ziqoqwa njenge-Qingqiao, kuyilapho izithelo eziphuzi ezivuthwe ngokugcwele ziqoqwa njenge-Laoqiao. Zombili zisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuhlose ukuhlinzeka ngesifinyezo esihlelekile seF. suspensa(I-Forsythia ikhula(Thunb.) Vahl) kanye nokwembula ukuhlobana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwendabuko kanyeimisebenzi yemithiukuze unikeze ugqozi locwaningo lwangomuso.

Izimpahla nezindlela

Lonke ulwazi oluhambisanayo mayelanaF. suspensayaseshwa ngabakwa-Scifinder futhi yatholwa kuzizindalwazi zesayensi ezihlanganisa i-Springer, i-Science Direct, i-Wiley, i-Pubmed ne-China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI). Ama-dissertation endawo nezincwadi zaseshwa.

Imiphumela

Ngokusho kwemibhalo yakudala yesiShayina yamakhambi kanye ne-Chinese Pharmacopoeia, i-Forsythiae Fructus ibonisa kakhulu imithelela yokuhlanza nokukhipha ubuthiI-TCMimiyalelo. Ocwaningweni lwanamuhla, ngaphezu kwama-compounds angama-230 ahlukaniswa futhi akhonjwa kuwoF. suspensa. 211 Kubo babehlukaniswa nezithelo.Ama-Lignansfuthi phenylethanoidama-glycosideszibhekwa njengezici futhi ezisebenzayo zalesi sitshalo, njenge-forsythiaside, i-phillyrin,i-rutinfuthi phillygenin. Babonisa i-anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-virus, anti-cancer kanye ne-anti-allergy effects,njll.Okwamanje, awukho umbiko ngobuthi be-Forsythiae Fructus, naphezu kobuthi obuncane be-forsythiaside obubikwe ezincwadini zendawo. Uma iqhathaniswa neLaoqiao, i-Qingqiao iqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-forsythiaside, i-forsythoside C, i-cornoside,i-rutin, phillyrin,i-gallic acidfuthii-chlorogenic acidkanye namazinga aphansi e-rengyol,β-glucose kanye S-suspensasidei-methyl ether.

Isiphetho

Izenzo zokuhlanza ukushisa ze-Forsythiae Fructus zisekelwe ezintweni ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant ye-lignans ne-phenylethanoid.ama-glycosides. Imiphumela ye-Detoxifying ibangelwa imisebenzi ye-antibacterial, antiviral kanye ne-anti-cancer ye-Forsythiae Fructus. Futhi izici zomuthi wendabuko waseShayina (TCM) ze-Forsythiae Fructus (ukunambitheka okubabayo, imvelo ebanda kancane kanye ne-meridian yamaphaphu) zisekela imiphumela yayo eqinile yokulwa nokuvuvukala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-anti-inflammatory ephawulekayo futhiamandla e-antioxidantye-Forsythiae Fructus inomthelela ekulweni nomdlavuza futhiI-neuroprotectiveimisebenzi. Ingxenye ephezulu yama-lignans nama-phenylethanoid glycosides e-Qingqiao kune-Laoqiao ingase ichaze ikhono elingcono lokulwa ne-antioxidant le-Qingqiao kanye nokusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-QingqiaoI-TCMnemiyalelo. Ngocwaningo lwangomuso, okuninginge vivoizivivinyo kanye nezifundo zomtholampilo ziyakhuthazwa ukuthi ziqhubeke nokucacisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwendabuko kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje. Mayelana ne-Qingqiao ne-Laoqiao, kusamele ahlukaniswe ngezindlela zokulawula ikhwalithi eziyindilinga, futhi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nemiphumela yomtholampilo phakathi kwazo kufanele kuqhathaniswe.