Intengo ye-Wholesale 100% amafutha e-pomelo peel ahlanzekile I-Bulk Pomelo peel oil

Isithelo seCitrus grandis L. Osbeck esiqashelwa kabanzi ngokuthi i-Pomelo isitshalo somdabu sase-Southern Asia, esitholakala endaweni yase-China, e-Japan, e-Vietnam, e-Malaysia, e-India nase-Thailand [1,2]. Kukholakala ukuthi imvelaphi yokuqala ye-grapefruit futhi ilungu lomndeni wakwaRutaceae. I-Pomelo, kanye nelamula, i-orange, i-mandarin, ne-grapefruit ingenye yezithelo ezisawolintshi ezitshalwa manje futhi zidliwe kakhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nakwezinye izifunda zomhlaba [3]. Isithelo se-pomelo sivame ukudliwa sisha noma siyijusi kuyilapho amakhasi, imbewu, nezinye izingxenye zesitshalo ngokuvamile zilahlwa njengemfucuza. Izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zesitshalo, kuhlanganise neqabunga, i-pulp, kanye nekhasi, sekusetshenziswe imithi yendabuko amakhulu eminyaka ngoba kuboniswe ukuthi zinamandla okwelapha futhi ziphephile ukusetshenziswa komuntu [2,4]. Amaqabunga esitshalo seCitrus grandis namafutha aso asetshenziswa emithini yesintu ukwelapha izimo zesikhumba, ikhanda elibuhlungu, nobuhlungu besisu, ngokulandelana. Izithelo ze-citrus grandis azisetshenziselwa ukudliwa nje kuphela, amakhambi endabuko avame ukwelapha ukukhwehlela, ukuqubuka, isithuthwane, nezinye izifo ngamakhasi ezithelo ngaphezu kokuwasebenzisela izinjongo zezimonyo [5]. Izinhlobo ezisawolintshi ziwumthombo omkhulu wamafutha abalulekile futhi amafutha atholakala emakhasini amawolintshi anephunga elinamandla elifiselekayo elinomphumela oqabulayo. Kube nokukhula eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yalokho ukubaluleka kwezohwebo kukhula. Amafutha abalulekile ama-metabolites atholakala ngokwemvelo ahlanganisa ama-terpenes, ama-sesquiterpenes, ama-terpenoids, nezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi ezinamaqembu ahlukene ama-aliphatic hydrocarbon, ama-aldehydes, ama-acids, ama-alcohol, ama-phenols, ama-esters, ama-oxides, ama-lactones, nama-ether [6]. Amafutha abalulekile aqukethe izinhlanganisela ezinjalo aziwa kahle ukuthi anezindawo zokulwa namagciwane kanye ne-antioxidant futhi asebenza njengenye indlela yezithasiselo zokwenziwa ezinentshisekelo enyakazayo emikhiqizweni yemvelo [1,7]. Ucwaningo luye lwaqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezikhona emafutheni abalulekile e-citrus njenge-limonene, i-pinene, ne-terpinolene zibonisa izinhlobo eziningi zemithi elwa namagciwane, i-antifungal, anti-inflammatory, kanye nomsebenzi we-antioxidant [[8], [9], [10]] . Ngaphandle kwalokho, uwoyela obalulekile we-citrus uhlukaniswe ngokuthi i-GRAS (Ngokujwayelekile Iqashelwa Njengephephile) ngenxa yezondlo zawo ezinkulu nokubaluleka kwezomnotho [8]. Ucwaningo oluningana lubonise ukuthi amafutha abalulekile anamandla okwandisa impilo yeshalofu nokugcina izinga lezinhlanzi nemikhiqizo yenyama [[11], [12], [13], [14], [15]].

Ngokusho kwe-FAO, 2020 (Isimo Sezokudoba Emhlabeni Nezasemanzini), ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi emhlabeni wonke bekulokhu kukhuphuka emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule ngesilinganiso esingaba amathani ayizigidi eziyi-179 ngo-2018 ngokulahlekelwa okulinganiselwa ku-30-35%. Izinhlanzi zaziwa kakhulu ngamaprotheni azo ekhwalithi ephezulu, umthombo wemvelo wamafutha e-polyunsaturated, (i-Eicosapentaenoic acid ne-Docosahexaenoic acid), uvithamini D, novithamini B2 futhi inomthombo ocebile wamaminerali njenge-calcium, i-sodium, i-potassium, nensimbi. [[16], [17], [18]]. Kodwa-ke, izinhlanzi ezintsha zisengozini enkulu yokubola kwe-microbial kanye nezinguquko zezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu komswakama, i-asidi ephansi, ama-enzyme e-endogenous asebenzayo, kanye nenani lezakhi ezicebile [12,19]. Inqubo ye-spoilage ihilela ukufa okuqinile, u-autolysis, ukuhlasela kwebhaktheriya, kanye nokubola okuholela ekwakhekeni kwama-amine aguquguqukayo akhiqiza iphunga elingathandeki ngenxa yokwanda kwenani le-microbial [20]. Izinhlanzi ezisendaweni epholile zinamandla okugcina ukunambitheka kwazo, ukuthungwa, nokusha ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphansi ngokwezinga elithile. Kodwa-ke, izinga lezinhlanzi liyawohloka ngokukhula okusheshayo kwama-microorganisms e-psychrophilic okuholela ekuphumeni kwephunga nokunciphisa impilo yeshalofu [19].

Ngakho-ke, ukubheka izinyathelo ezithile kuyadingeka ukuze izinga lezinhlanzi linciphise izinto ezibolayo futhi andise isikhathi sokuphila. Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lwembule ukuthi ukugcoba kwe-chitosan, uwoyela we-oregano, uwoyela wegxolo lesinamoni, uwoyela osuselwe kushingamu oqukethe i-thyme ne-clove uwoyela obalulekile, usawoti, futhi ngezinye izikhathi uhlanganiswe namanye amasu okuvikela asebenza ngempumelelo ekuvimbeleni ukuqanjwa kwamagciwane kanye nokwelula impilo yeshalofu yezinhlanzi. [15, [10], [21], [22], [23], [24]]. Kwesinye isifundo, i-nanoemulsion yalungiswa kusetshenziswa i-d-limonene futhi yatholakala iphumelela ngokumelene nezinkinga ze-pathogenic [25]. I-Pomelo fruit peel ingenye yezinto ezinkulu ezicutshungulwayo zezithelo ze-pomelo. Ngokwezici zethu zolwazi olungcono kakhulu kanye nempahla esebenzayo yamafutha abalulekile wekhasi le-pomelo akukabhekwana kahle. Umthelela wekhasi le-pomelo awusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele njenge-ejenti elwa namagciwane ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugcinwa kokuqina kwezinhlayiya zezinhlanzi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamafutha abalulekile njengesivikeli sezinto eziphilayo ekugcinweni kokuqina kwezibopho zezinhlanzi ezintsha kwahlolwa. Izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile ezitholakala endaweni (i-Rohu (Labeo rohita), i-Bahu (Labeo calbahu), ne-Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) zisetshenzisiwe njengoba ziphakathi kwezinhlanzi ezithandwayo kakhulu. ukuzinza kwezibopho zezinhlanzi, kodwa futhi kwandisa isidingo sesithelo se-pomelo esingasetshenzwa kahle esifundeni saseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya.